Chapter 9: Printmaking
Our distant ancestors colored the palms of their hands with pigments to press on walls. The art of printmaking as we know it today required the invention of paper. Because of the low cost of prints, people can afford and enjoy original art.
Intaglio Process: Etching, engraving, dry point etc. Cutting or scratching into a surface (usually metal) with tools or acid. The cut areas receive and hold the ink for printing.
Stencil Process: Silk screen, photographic silk screen, paper stencil etc. Stencils used in a school situation consist of cutting out or removing shapes from paper or cardboard and filling in the blank spaces with paint or ink.
Four Traditional Processes:
Relief Process: woodcut, linoleum cut, stamps, rubbings etc. Design area stands out.
Surface Process: Lithography. They image is drawn directly on the stone (or metal) surface with a greasy crayon or ink. After treatment of the stone with turpentine and water, ink is applied and it adheres to the greasy drawing.
Intaglio Process: Etching, engraving, dry point etc. Cutting or scratching into a surface (usually metal) with tools or acid. The cut areas receive and hold the ink for printing.
Stencil Process: silk screen, photographic silk screen, paper stencil etc. Stencils used in a school situation consist of cutting out or removing shapes from paper or cardboard and filling in the blank spaces with paint or ink.
“Rubbings are not only a way of sensitizing children to the realm of texture but also a means of attuning them to the “skin” of the environment”
~Use lightweight paper.
Rubbings: One way to begin printmaking at any level is by transferring a ready-made surface, known as rubbing.
Ex. Gravestones, unusual surfaces, a coin, manhole covers etc.
~Use a flat crayon to rub.
Monoprints:
Supplies Required-
Sheet of glass
Linoleum or Masonite work too.
Can use- brushes, fingers, card board etc.
Water-soluble ink and paint in a wide range of colors Newsprint or other absorbent kinds of paper
Monoprint begins with application of paint or ink to a flat surface. When the image is complete, cover it with a sheet of paper and apply pressure slowly and evenly with palm of your hand. Viscosity of the paint and pressure applied to the paper are some factors that influence the final result.
Potato and Stick Printing:
“All children can produce potato prints, and nearly every child can print with sticks.” Select pieces with a hard consistency. Pieces should be cut flat on the side. Press the flat side in tempera paint or colored ink and press on newsprint. Students can cut into the piece of the potato. Students can use all sorts of objects that they find. Ex. Sponges, wood, etc.
Styrofoam, Linoleum and Woodcut Printing:
“After children make such prints, they understand the process on which more difficult techniques are built.” The students should make sure that the parts they want inked are raised. The chief problems in teaching linoleum printing concern safety precautions, the development of skill in cutting and treatment of subject matter (v-shaped tools). Demonstrations of the technique should be kept to a minimum so kids can develop their own methods.
Stenciling: Stenciling allows children to print repeated units of design with considerable control. The activity demands a fairly high degree of skill and ability to plan. Paint only appears where a hole has been cut. The paint should be thick enough not to run, yet not so thick as to form an unpleasantly heavy coating on the painted surface. Students should apply the paint with a dabbing motion. All tools and supplies should be clean and conveniently located.
The Reduction Process: Also known as the “subtractive” process. Once a print is made the students remove or reduce a section of the plate, then they add a second color and print over the first one. The original print plate is destroyed in the process, but another print form has been created.
Chapter 9 Quiz: Printmaking (The Answers are in Red)
1. The art of printmaking as we know it today required the invention of __Paper__.
2. Which of the following is NOT considered a relief process?
a. Wood cutting
b. Stamps
c. Etching
d. Rubbings
3. True or False: It is better to use a round crayon for making rubbings.
4. All children can produce what kind of printmaking?
a. Monoprints
b. Stencils
c. Reduction Prints
d. Potato Prints
5. When stenciling the students should apply the paint in a ________ motion.
a. Circular
b. Dabbing
c. Stroking
d. Splattering
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